I switched UPC router to modem mode again. Clearly the mode was not causing the issue.
I made some changes in my router (Archer C80), like deactivate EasyMesh, increase beacon interval, increase Address Lease Time to the maximum 2880 minutes, deactivate UPnP, remove address reservation for some devices (only keep it for NAS and Home Assistant), etc. Will keep you posted if I get new internet drops.